In this talk, I describe on-going research efforts to employ mixed-signal CMOS electronics for non-traditional applications, exploiting co-integration of hybrid technologies with CMOS. Much of this focus has been on active CMOS biochips for affinity-based assays based on both fluorescence and electrochemical detection and incorporating microfluidics for reagent delivery. The fluorescence-based chips are capable of time-resolved measurement and employ both high-speed
photodiodes and Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes for detection. Electrochemical-based detection employs arrays of potentiostats on the chip, capable of both cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. In both cases, DNA or protein probes are immobilized directly on the chip surface for detection. Other ongoing projects include designing circuits combining CMOS devices with carbon-based transistors, including both nanotubes and graphene. Preliminary results on “hybrid” circuits will be shown, including biosensing as well as purely electronic applications.